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Unani medicine, also known as Unani Tibb, is a traditional system of healing that has its roots in ancient Greece, developed by notable physicians such as Hippocrates and Galen. It was later enriched by Arab and Persian scholars like Avicenna (Ibn Sina), who made significant contributions to its theory and practice. The word "Unani" is derived from "Ionian," a term used to describe ancient Greece, reflecting the Greek origins of this medical system. Today, Unani medicine is practiced widely in South Asia and the Middle East, where it offers a holistic approach to health and wellness, emphasizing the balance of bodily humor and natural healing processes. Principles of Unani Medicine The core philosophy of Unani medicine revolves around the concept of balance. According to Unani theory, the human body is governed by four humors: blood (Dam), phlegm (Balgham), yellow bile (Safra), and black bile (Sauda). These humors correspond to the four primary elements of nature: air, water, fire, and earth, respectively. Unani practitioners believe that the body has an inherent ability to heal itself, known as "Tabiyat." The role of the physician is to support the body's natural healing processes by identifying and correcting the imbalances in the humors. Treatment is aimed at restoring this equilibrium through dietary adjustments, herbal remedies, lifestyle changes, and physical therapies. Diagnosis and Treatment Unani treatments are highly personalized and take into account the individuals temperament, environment, and overall lifestyle. Common treatments include: Dietary Therapy (Ilaj-bil-Ghiza): Proper nutrition plays a key role in Unani medicine. Foods are classified according to their effects on the humors, and dietary recommendations are tailored to restore balance in the body. For example, cooling foods might be prescribed to counteract an excess of heat-producing humors like yellow bile. Herbal Medicine (Ilaj-bil-Dawa): Unani medicine relies heavily on natural remedies derived from plants, minerals, and animal products. Herbal treatments are used to detoxify the body, enhance the immune system, and correct humor imbalances. Examples of commonly used herbs include black cumin, fennel, and licorice. Regimental Therapy (Ilaj-bil-Tadbeer): This approach includes various physical therapies to cleanse and rejuvenate the body, such as cupping (Hijama), massage (Dalk), sweating (Tareeq), and exercise. These therapies aim to eliminate toxins, improve circulation, and promote relaxation. Surgery (Ilaj-bil-Yad): In cases where surgery is necessary, Unani practitioners employ traditional surgical techniques. While less commonly used today, surgery has always been a part of Unani practice, particularly for the treatment of external conditions like abscesses or injuries.